Formal Semantics of Natural Language
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There is a field called "formal semantics" that tries to handle the meaning of natural language by bringing it closer to logic. (For those who want to know about applications, it may be a little different.) Takuro Tanaka's "Formal Semantics" seems to be an introductory book!
As an example of application,
For example, I feel like Touhoku Robot-kun used both statistical and formal logical methods, but I'm not sure about my memory... In other examples,
There is a proof support system called Coq (proof support system), which solves mathematical proof problems by combining automatic/manual methods. It seems to be roughly correct to imagine that "people come up with proofs and write them down, and machines check that the proofs are correct." The research institute Inria is famous in this field. If you list the search words,
- Automated Theorem Proving
- Mathematical Logic
- formal semantics
- Formal Methods
If you search around these words, you will find related fields popping up!